MS occurs when the body’s immune system damages the myelin sheath that covers the nerves of the brain and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is severely damaged, the brain cannot effectively communicate with the body.

The precise target trigger that makes cells sensitized to attack the nerves is unknown at this time. There are studies that suggest MS could be induced by early exposure to an environmental trigger in genetically vulnerable patients.

Yes, there are several different forms of MS, which include:

• Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)
• Secondary-progressive MS (SPMS)
• Primary-progressive MS (PPMS)
• Progressive-relapsing MS (PPMS)

RRMS is the most common form of MS, characterized typically by periods of inflammation, and periods of little to no discomfort. PPMS by contrast, is slow, worsening decrease in functionality, with brief periods of improvement. SPMS develops after the PPMS has run its course, and most cases of RRMS will eventually become SPMS. PRMS is the least common of these; PRMS combines the progressive nature of PPMS with occasional relapses over time.

The earliest symptoms of MS affect the eyes, which induces:

• Inflamed optic nerve.
• Loss of vison
• Painful eye movements,
• Double vision

MS also induces:

• Difficulty with balance
• Electric-shock sensations when the neck is moved
• Memory issues
• Numbness
• Tingling or pain in areas containing damaged nerves
• Weakness in the extremities
• Slurred speech
• Tremors
• Fatigue

There is currently no cure for Multiple Sclerosis.

There are numerous medications which treat relapsing episodes of MS by inhibiting the frequency and degree of recurring MS attacks. Some medications also may slow the progression of MS.

Physical therapy is also beneficial for helping patients recover from MS attacks, dispel muscle weakness, and improve symptom management.

Occupational therapy is also useful for helping patients perform daily tasks that have become difficult because of MS.